Chemistry textbooks explain how reactions start and end, but they rarely show what happens ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...

Using synchrotron infrared light and near-infrared/visible lasers without applying a magnetic field, we observed the response of valence electrons in the (C₂H₅)(CH₃)₃As[Pd(C₃S₅)₂]₂ crystal. The ...

During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical products. This process entails the movement of both electrons (i.e., negatively ...

For the first time, scientists visualized how electrons behave during a chemical reaction, which could help reduce unwanted byproducts in future chemistry. When you purchase through links on our site, ...

A group of researchers from Ehime University investigated valence electron configurations using light, expanding on prior studies of superconductors and quantum spin liquids. The findings were ...

If phosphorous has five electrons in its outermost shell, meaning it needs only three more to fill the shell, how can it form FOUR valence bonds when used as a dopant in a silicon crystal? This is one ...

Electricity powers our lives, including our cars, phones, computers, and more, through the movement of electrons within a circuit. While we can't see these electrons, electric currents moving through ...

Electrons can freeze into strange geometric crystals and then melt back into liquid-like motion under the right quantum conditions. Researchers identified how to tune these transitions and even ...

Stephen has degrees in science (Physics major) and arts (English Literature and the History and Philosophy of Science), as well as a Graduate Diploma in Science Communication. Stephen has degrees in ...