Low-voltage CMOS analog circuit design has emerged as a critical area of research, driven by the dual imperatives of energy efficiency and high-performance signal processing. This discipline focuses ...

Accurately measuring voltages requires minimizing the impact of the instrument connection to the tested circuit. Typical digital voltmeters (DVMs) use 10MO resistor networks to keep loading effects to ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. A coulomb counter can measure charge that flows into or out of a battery, and small, dedicated ICs can directly ...

Two of the most often used amplifier building blocks in audio amplifier design are the common emitter amplifier with emitter degeneration and the emitter follower using the same circuit biasing. The ...

Battery-powered op-amp applications, such as those found in automotive and marine equipment, have only a single available power source. Other applications, such as computers, may operate from the ac ...

Measuring dynamic currents with an oscilloscope is challenging, but this updated differential current probe makes it simple ...