The increasing popularity of HEVs and EVs increases the need for engineers to understand design considerations for high-voltage systems, including the need to accurately measure high voltages. The ...

To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. It's a common challenge to measure voltages that exceed the operating voltage of the ADC used as part of the ...

Although there are several ways to sense current flowing from a source such as a battery, or to a load such as a motor, the current-sense resistor is among the most widely used approaches. There are ...