At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...

Data analysis is a fundamental process in any project. However, data can be lumped into different types, with categorical and continuous data seeming almost opposed at first glance. That said, ...

The broader shift is toward forecasting rather than reacting. Instead of detecting disease only after it crosses a threshold, systems will track trends that indicate future risk. The value of next ...

The traditional approach to artificial intelligence development relies on discrete training cycles. Engineers feed models vast datasets, let them learn, then freeze the parameters and deploy the ...