Logical Systems and Model Theory constitute a foundational area bridging mathematics, computer science and philosophy through the formalisation of reasoning. By abstracting the essential components of ...

All products featured on WIRED are independently selected by our editors. However, we may receive compensation from retailers and/or from purchases of products through these links. Newton’s third law ...

In fields ranging from immunology and ecology to economics and thermodynamics, multi-scale complex systems are ubiquitous. They are also notoriously difficult to model. Conventional approaches take ...

Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide an insight into historical processes and the strengths and weaknesses of capitalism. Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide ...

Theoretical chemists have developed a theory that can predict the threshold at which quantum dynamics switches from 'orderly' to 'random,' as shown through research using large-scale computations on ...

How Promise Theory and integrity scoring enable autonomous AI agents to govern themselves at enterprise scale.