Although 5V-powered logic isstill common in many applications,most FPGAs support interfacelevels of 3.3V and lower. When youconnect an FPGA to higher voltagelevels, the FPGA’s application ...

Voltage clamps for protecting low-voltage dc circuits require a new approach to circuit design. Many commonly used voltage clamps were built for systems of 5 V or higher, but lower-voltage systems ...