We used light-sensitive drugs to identify the brain region-specific role of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the control of pain. Optical activation of systemic JF-NP-26, a caged, normally ...

Brian 2 allows scientists to simply and efficiently simulate spiking neural network models. These models can feature novel dynamical equations, their interactions with the environment, and ...

Polyphosphate (polyP) exists in all life forms; however, its biological functions in metazoans are understudied. Here, we explored Drosophila as the first genetic model to explore polyP biology in ...

A key question in decision-making is how humans arbitrate between competing learning and memory systems to maximize reward. We address this question by probing the ...

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a ubiquitous defense response in plants. Adapted pathogens evolved mechanisms to counteract the deleterious effects of host-derived ROS and promote ...

The dynamics of living organisms are organized across many spatial scales. However, current cost-effective imaging systems can measure only a subset of these scales at once. We have created a scalable ...

Dopaminergic neurons modulate neural circuits and behaviors via dopamine (DA) release from expansive, long range axonal projections. The elaborate cytoarchitecture of these neurons is embedded within ...

This important study examined orientation representations along the visual hierarchy during perception and working memory. The authors provide results suggesting that during working memory there is a ...

Resistance to targeted cancer therapies is an important clinical problem. The discovery of anti-resistance drug combinations is challenging as resistance can arise by diverse escape mechanisms. To ...

Yes, identifying your audience workshop is very important. A type A audience is already engaged – they understand the urgency ...

Grass stomata recruit lateral subsidiary cells (SCs), which are key to the unique stomatal morphology and the efficient plant-atmosphere gas exchange in grasses. Subsidiary mother cells (SMCs) ...

Nerve cells, or neurons, are the key communication components of the body. Each neuron takes signals from many inputs and transmits them through a single output called the axon. In the central nervous ...