Pauline (Koch) Einstein, c. 1870. The Cannstatt grain dealer Julius Koch had a daughter named Pauline Einstein. Her dad grew up in a family with modest beginnings. Originally from Jebenhausen, he ...

No one in world history has had more written about them. More than 90 separate biographies of Adolf Hitler have been published in German alone since 1945, not counting short profiles, translations, ...

The Shaolin monks brought the Gùn (Chinese: 棍), a staff used in their style of stick combat, to Japan. In that region, the gùn underwent various changes before becoming known as the bō. During this ...

A wheeled bull figurine from 3950–3650 BC was discovered in Europe, and it is the oldest identified object that has a wheel. The origin and invention of the wheel can be traced back to our natural ...

Battle of Montgisard: Crusaders vs. Saladin’s Forces The Battle of Montgisard was a significant military engagement that took place on November 25, 1177, during the Crusades. It was fought between the ...

Lightning is only one of several electromagnetic phenomena caused by thunderstorms that we can see here on Earth. Pilots have reported seeing red “sprites” and “blue jets” above thunderclouds for ...

X-Seed 4000 is a 13,100-foot (4,000-meter) tall megastructure with 800 floors. It has a capacity for 1 million people living inside at the same time. The X-Seed 4000 is a floating “ocean city” off the ...

The July Monarchy was a constitutional and liberal monarchy arising from the revolutionary days known as the Three Glorious Days (July 27, 28, and 30, 1830), which led to the abdication of Charles X ...

Ancient civilizations in places like the Indus Valley and Babylonia roughly 3000 BC are credited with laying the groundwork for geometry. Geometry first appeared in the ancient world as a set of rules ...

The Song Dynasty began in 960 CE, following several decades of political chaos in China. China was divided and in the midst of civil war, with each faction trying to recreate the Empire and take ...

The sarissa is a spear that was in use in the early third century BC and was between 180 and 300 inches in length (4.5–7.5 m). During Alexander the Great‘s conquests and the Wars of the Diadochi, this ...

The Lucerne hammer is a type of polearm weapon, which combines the features of a stabbing, striking, and polearm weapon. It was used extensively by European infantrymen from the 15th century up to the ...