The discount rate refers to the interest rate used when calculating the net present value (NPV) of an investment. It represents the time value of money, which is the concept that a sum of money today ...

Pete Rathburn is a copy editor and fact-checker with expertise in economics and personal finance and over twenty years of experience in the classroom. The present value (PV) of a bond is the sum of ...

Too many financial decisions are made without factoring in the time value of money. Whether providing financial planning advice related to a client’s retirement, advising a client about a business ...

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. Compound interest is interest that's calculated on ...

The forward price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) is a valuation metric that measures and compares a company's earnings using expected earnings per share and the current stock price. The forward P/E ratio ...

We show you how to create a budget or personal finance dashboard in Excel to keep your expenses in sync with reality. Useful ...

"Return on investment" is a financial calculation used to gauge how well the money you invest earns you even more money. To calculate ROI you divide the earnings you made from an investment by the ...

Microsoft Excel allows users across the globe to perform common and complex calculations, and it helps individuals to complete complicated work or assignments given to them. One of the most important ...

Microsoft Excel has the ability to automatically recognize a positive or negative number that you enter in a cell. However, if an incorrect format is selected for the spreadsheet or certain cells ...

Learn how Excel functions can act as data using LAMBDA, LET, and BYROW, so you reuse logic and cut formula edits.