Researchers simulated Martian permafrost and ice cap conditions in a laboratory, exposing *Escherichia coli* samples in pure water ice and water-sediment mixtures to cosmic radiation equivalent to 50 ...

Today is a busy day! Mercury passes 2° south of Mars at 2 A.M. EDT — we’ll observe the pair in the evening sky, along with a Titan transit of Saturn. But first, the Orionid meteor shower peaks as the ...

Use the Big Dipper to locate Polaris, the North Star. Orion's belt helps find other bright stars like Sirius. Follow the Big Dipper's handle to find Arcturus and Spica. The Summer Triangle is formed ...

Systematic observation logging, a historical cornerstone of astronomical discovery from figures like Galileo and Herschel, continues to be a relevant practice for contemporary observers. Maintaining ...

August 2025 offers several planetary conjunctions, including a close approach of Venus and Jupiter on August 12th, and a second conjunction of Saturn and Neptune on August 6th, with a third occurring ...

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Apollo mission lunar samples provided crucial data, initially intended to test existing Moon formation theories (capture, co-formation, fission), but ultimately leading to the development of the Giant ...

The origin of Earth's water is a long-standing scientific question, with differing isotopic ratios of deuterium to hydrogen (D/H) in Earth's oceans compared to the early solar system suggesting ...

Hubble proved Andromeda is a separate galaxy by identifying a Cepheid variable star within it. Cepheid variables have a period-luminosity relationship: longer period means greater brightness. Knowing ...

The Carrington Event of 1859 remains the strongest known geomagnetic storm, causing significant disruption to telegraph systems despite the era's simpler technology. Subsequent events, such as the ...