In some papers the ones that show positive effects are called responders and the ones with the negative effects are the non-responders. It is argued that looking at averages has little relevance for ...

The studies by David Costill in the late 1970s (2) showed that caffeine can increase the mobilisation of fatty acids from their stores. Fat is stored in several tissues but mostly in adipose tissues.

Muscle cramping during exercise is a common problem among athletes that involves sudden, involuntary and painful muscle contraction during or after exercise. The occurrence of cramps is quite ...

In previous blogs we’ve discussed what sodium is and how it might be helpful during exercise. We’ve also discussed that the amount of sodium lost in sweat varies significantly from person to person.

Caffeine is both a drug and a nutrient. A cup of coffee in the morning is used to wake up a cup in the evening is often used to work or study late. Athletes often use it to improve endurance ...

Nutrition is an important part of race day, including breakfast before your race. Getting your race day breakfast right is important. Too much or the wrong foods can result in stomach problems. Too ...

Carbohydrate improves performance during long events (>2h) (Read more). Fluid intake can help prevent severe dehydration and also contribute to performance. But is it best to drinks sports drinks, ...

Carbohydrate intake during exercise can enhance endurance exercise performance. But some practical questions like: what is the best pattern of intake? have not been addressed. Carbohydrate intake ...

In previous blogs we have discussed the role of protein intake for muscle protein synthesis. However, muscle contains many different functional proteins. While most research has focussed on ...

Sodium is the most talked about electrolyte... it is often talked about in relation to hydration but what exactly is it and what exactly does it do? Sodium plays a role in fluid balance, absorption of ...

There are countless times I have watched sports on TV and commentators provide their insights on the regulation of fuel use. “And then you switch to fat metabolism” is one of the commonly heard catch ...

The World Health Organisation (WHO) have advised that a diet high in free sugars can be harmful to health as it is associated with dental decay and may lead to excess consumption of energy (calories), ...