What is the immune system? The immune system works to keep germs and other foreign substances out of the body and destroy any that get in. It's made up of a complicated network of cells and organs. It ...

From cultivated meat to plant-based proteins, engineering innovation is transforming how we produce and consume protein in a race to reduce the carbon footprint of the food industry. Climate ...

Animal protein, in particular, provided more benefits than plant proteins. A food craving is different from normal hunger. It’s not just about your body needing energy or nutrients, but your ...

These proteins are made of nothing more than a handful ... so there are many enzymes that can manipulate them. But beyond biology, they also show up in a number of plastic polymers that we use ...

Let’s take a closer look at what makes up an enzyme. Enzymes are proteins – large molecules that do the behind-the-scenes work that keep all living things alive. These proteins are made up of ...

Protein synthesis is made up of two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription and translation are the processes that turn the instructions found in genes into the proteins they encode.