A well-established technique, acid-base titration is an analytical method used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. In practice, it involves ...

When a strong acid is placed in water, it undergoes a process known as ionization, releasing hydrogen ions (H⁺) and forming hydronium ions (H₃O⁺). This process is the cornerstone of understanding acid ...

An acid-base indicator is a substance that changes color as the pH of the solution changes. Indicators work because they are weak acids which when in solution, exist in equilibrium with their ...

Titration is an analytical chemistry technique used to find the concentration of an unknown solution, using a solution whose concentration is known. The latter is called the titrant and is usually ...

Many chemicals can be classified as being acidic, neutral or alkaline by using indicators. The pH scale is used to measure acidity and alkalinity. When an acid is neutralised, it forms a salt. Making ...

A cotton swab is dipped into concentrated hydrochloric acid (producing hydrogen chloride gas) while a second on is dipped into concentrated aqueous ammonia (producing ammonia gas). Both cotton swabs ...

Karl Fischer discovered that if sulfur dioxide is added in the excess the same reaction can be used for water determination by titration of the produced acids. His base of choice was pyridine which ...

In a titration, sulfuric acid of concentration \(0.1 moll^{-1}\) was added from a burette into a conical flask containing \(20cm^{3}\) of sodium hydroxide solution. The average titre was \(11.2cm^{3}\ ...