The loss of calf muscle pump function can result in symptoms of chronic vein disease, such as swelling, leg fatigue, and varicose veins. In rare cases, it can even lead to blood clots ...

The venous anatomy of the lower leg is made up of two ... The principal veins in the superficial system are the great saphenous vein (GSV) and the small saphenous vein (SSV).

We have also reviewed the anatomy of the calf muscles. Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated 100 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion and MRI confirmation of calf muscle injury.