If you got your start in electronics sometime after 1980 your first project might well have been to light up an LED. Microcontroller projects often light up an LED, too, and a blinking LED is ...

Board-level designers often have concerns about the proper way to handle grounding for integrated circuits (ICs) which have separate analog and digital grounds. Should the two be completely separate ...

In the Feb. 22 issue of RWEE, we asked: What is skin effect in alternating current and what is its relationship to current flow? a. Skin effect is the tendency of all current flow on printed circuit ...

This is called electromagnetic induction close electromagnetic inductionThe production of a potential difference (voltage) when a conductor, such as a wire, is moved through a magnetic field or ...

Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

Originally, current was defined as the flow of charge from positive to negative. Scientists later discovered that current is actually the flow of electrons, from negative to positive. The original ...

There are many cases where a power supply needs an internal current-limiter function, usually built using a current sensor, a control circuit, and a pass transistor. The current sensor itself can be a ...

Author’s note: This article shows how to derive circuit gain equations via a signal flow graph. With practice you may be able to write a gain equation by locating signal paths and loops in the ...