The DNA within the chromosomes encodes genes, which are the basic units of heredity. Genes contain the information needed to produce proteins, the building blocks of life. During sexual reproduction, ...

Today, most scientists agree that genes correspond to one or more DNA sequences ... the inheritance of genetic traits could be linked directly to the movement of chromosomes.

Genetic traits ... on either an X or Y chromosome, which determines the baby’s sex. Beyond that, dominant genes from the father often influence physical and behavioural traits.