Dr. James McCaffrey of Microsoft Research uses a full code sample and screenshots to show how to programmatically normalize numeric data for use in a machine learning system such as a deep neural ...

A behind-the-scenes blog about research methods at Pew Research Center. For our latest findings, visit pewresearch.org. Identifying causal relationships from observational data is not easy. Still, ...

Understanding data encoding and normalization is an absolutely essential skill when working with neural networks. James McCaffrey walks you through what you need to know to get started. Dealing with ...

AI training and inference are all about running data through models — typically to make some kind of decision. But the paths that the calculations take aren’t always straightforward, and as a model ...

Data rarely comes in usable form. Data wrangling and exploratory data analysis are the difference between a good data science model and garbage in, garbage out. Novice data scientists sometimes have ...

High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) enables comprehensive scans of entire transcriptomes, but best practices for analyzing RNA-seq data have not been fully defined, particularly for data ...