A boiling sea of quarks and gluons, including virtual ones—this is how we can imagine the main phase of high-energy proton ...

Scientists hoping to unravel the mystery of proton spin at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), a 2.4-mile-circumference particle accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory, have a new tool ...

At scales too small for the human eye to see, there is an entire zoo of subatomic particles with bizarre names like baryon, pion, and quark. And physicists have only just begun to unveil the curtain ...

Deep in the heart of the matter, some numbers don't add up. For example, while protons and neutrons are made of quarks, nature's fundamental building blocks bound together by gluons, their masses are ...

Vanessa Seifert works for the Metaphysical Unity of Science project at the University of Bristol. This project receives funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. There were a huge variety of potential new physics signatures that ...

Nuclear physicists have found that the internal structures of protons and neutrons may be altered in different ways inside nuclei DOE/Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility NEWPORT NEWS, VA – ...

The strong nuclear force is the force that causes quarks to bind together to form composite particles, such as the proton. It is explained within the standard model of particle physics by a theory ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. This article is more than 5 years old. Combinations of three quarks ...

The universe is a complex and intricate place. We can move easily through air and yet not through a wall. The sun transmutes one element to another, bathing our planet in warmth and light. Radio waves ...

Nature is the ultimate puzzle player, as scientists at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) found out last week. In the late 1950s, particle physics was in crisis. Being the branch of ...