This schematic illustrates how regulating electron spin states through six key strategies—including defect engineering, valence modulation, and magnetic field application—can optimize catalytic ...

In this study, chiral gold nanoparticles with a concave vortex cube structure were employed as the chiral substrate, exhibiting highly tunable optical chirality and intriguing chiral-induced spin ...

Researchers at the Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) have definitively resolved a two-decade-long controversy regarding the direction of electron spin on the surface of gold. Using a ...