However, phosphorus has five electrons, and when combined ... p-type silicon is said to have a positive charge. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction requires permission.

The British physicist Paul Dirac started the ball rolling in the late 1920s with his equation describing how relativistic electrons – and with it most other matter particles – behave.

It is a key concept in redox chemistry – the chemistry of reactions where one reaction partner loses electrons (oxidation) while the other gains electrons (reduction). The hydrated electron is ...