Vertebral endplates are a protective layer between the vertebrae and intervertebral discs in the spine. Certain conditions, like stenosis, disc herniation, and injuries, can cause back pain. Most ...

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a critical health challenge, leading to a variety of spine diseases including intervertebral disc herniation, spinal stenosis, instability, etc., which ...

Intervertebral disc disease is a gradual, degenerative condition, affecting your pet's spine over a period of time. The disease is most common in older dogs, but it can occur in younger dogs, too.

Minimally invasive surgery is widely used for spine surgery, however the commonly used optical endoscopes cannot identity tissues under surface. In this study, a forward-oriented ultrasound endoscopic ...

The degeneration of the intervertebral disc, often initiated by nucleus pulposus degeneration or dehydration, is considered a fundamental factor in intervertebral disc herniation. Researchers have ...

Fig. 2 Measurements made during the study. 1, upper limit of the intervertebral disc to the axilla of the emerging root; 2, axilla of the root to the start of the dorsal ganglion; 3, lower portion of ...

Generally, a disc bulge is not more than 3 millimeters (mm). In general, such changes may or may not cause discogenic pain. A small bulge in your disc that shows up on an MRI may actually be a normal ...

Astronomers have found that part of the MIlky Way known as the thick disk is about 2 billion years older than expected, forming just 0.8 billion years after the Big Bang.