Let's delve into the crucial assumption that a variable represents a positive real number, exploring its implications, ...

300+ open source evolutionary algorithms 500+ open source benchmark problems Powerful GUI for performing experiments in parallel Generating results in the format of Excel or LaTeX table by one-click ...

Ask the publishers to restore access to 500,000+ books. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building ...

Abstract: Learning and optimization are the two essential abilities of human beings for problem solving. Similarly, computer scientists have made great efforts to design artificial neural network (ANN ...

Abstract: Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is a deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on the actor–critic (AC) architecture. In the classic AC architecture, the Critic (value) network is used ...