This interconversion between mechanical and electrical energy makes piezoelectric crystals highly useful for various sensing and actuation applications. The piezoelectric effect arises from the ...

As a potential solution, we present a technique for estimating the velocity of piezoelectric bending bimorph actuators ... well beyond actuator resonance). We successfully apply this sensing ...

Electrochemical nanobiosensors rely on the changes in electrical properties, such as conductivity or impedance, that occur when the target analyte interacts with the recognition element. Carbon ...