The top quark is the heaviest known fundamental particle, about 340,000 times heavier than an electron. Scientists believe this particle can reveal principles beyond the Standard Model of particle ...

The new up quark moves away from the emitted \(W ... Each of particles in the standard model has an associated antiparticle. When a particle and antiparticle combine to ‘annihilate ...

So if we find pulsars in the 800 Hz or higher range, we know they likely contain quark matter in their cores. Another way to test the hybrid neutron star model would be to find more millisecond ...