The top quark’s extreme mass makes it decay almost immediately after it is produced. “The top and antitop quarks just have ...

Charming Quarks “When the quark hypothesis was first proposed more than 10 years ago, there were supposed to be three kinds ...

CMS employed machine learning to probe rare Higgs decays into charm quarks. The search produced the most stringent limits so ...

“There’s a lot of meanings for ‘small,’” says Janet Conrad, a particle physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ...

A new and powerful particle detector just passed a critical test in its goal to decipher the ingredients of the early ...

We know that all matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are made of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus and electrons outside. But unlike electrons, protons and neutrons are composite particles ...

Stars are powered by nuclear fusion, in which two or more atomic nuclei have a close encounter and form one or more different nuclei 1. A key aspect of nuclear fusion is that the rearrangement of ...

We’re made of flesh and bone and fat, which are in turn made of protons and electrons, which are (mostly) made of quarks. Which, even though they are the most basic form of matter, are a minuscule ...

At a fundamental level, reality is determined by only two properties of our Universe: the quanta that make up everything that exists and the interactions that take place between them. While the rules ...

Quarks are found in protons and are bound together by forces which cause all other known forces of nature to fade. To understand the effects of these strong forces between the quarks is one of the ...