At a fundamental level, reality is determined by only two properties of our Universe: the quanta that make up everything that exists and the interactions that take place between them. While the rules ...

Deep in the heart of the matter, some numbers don't add up. For example, while protons and neutrons are made of quarks, ...

The three valence quarks of a proton contribute to its spin, but so do the gluons, sea quarks and antiquarks, and orbital angular momentum as well. The electrostatic repulsion and the attractive ...

Dr Sumedha Kotwal When we look deeply into matter, the solidity of the world begins to dissolve. What appears hard, tangible, ...

A new theory-based approach provides access to the minute transverse motion of quarks within protons. Nuclear physicists have developed a new theoretical framework that allows them to calculate a ...

For decades, physicists have relied on the principle of symmetry to simplify and understand the complex behaviors of subatomic particles. Symmetry in physics basically means that some rules of nature ...

Quarks are found in protons and are bound together by forces which cause all other known forces of nature to fade. To understand the effects of these strong forces between the quarks is one of the ...

We know that all matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are made of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus and electrons outside. But unlike electrons, protons and neutrons are composite particles ...

Nowadays physicists are confident in their knowledge of nature’s ultimate bits of matter. A handful of building blocks can be easily summarized in a neat little chart. But merely half a century ago, ...

Scientists have released the most detailed analysis yet of how protons and neutrons acquire their mass, solving a ...

Also on this week's episode: tracking down a stellar explosion, climate apathy, arctic foxes are key in northern food web and ...

On this week's episode: bees trained to keep track of time, eating small amounts of plastic can kill ocean animals, ...