Protons are far from simple particles — they are swirling cauldrons of quarks, gluons, and quantum entanglement. Scientists ...

Physicists know from previous experiments that what happens at the nuclear scale to protons and neutrons also affects their ...

Scientists believe such a substance of free quarks and gluons, the building blocks of protons and neutrons, permeated the universe a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. RHIC's energetic ...

T he atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to ...

Nuclear physics research is focused on understanding the matter composed of quarks and gluons, which makes up 99% of the mass of the universe. Most of this matter is found at the core of atoms, the ...

It's a twenty-year-old question: how much do the constituent quarks and gluons contribute to the spin of a nucleon? New results from the COMPASS experiment add to the picture. Naively, the proton ...

In the lower energy picture, we describe the nucleus in terms of its protons and neutrons and their exchange of mesons. In the higher energy picture, composite protons and neutrons (composed of quarks ...

In recent years, there have been attempts to describe the inside of a proton using quantum information tools, with partial ...

In a major milestone for particle physics, scientists at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have successfully observed top ...