长期以来，R 是 Python 在数据科学领域的直接竞争者。过去几年，Python 凭借更广泛的生态和工程化能力明显压过了 R，但近期 R 再次显现出回暖迹象，已连续数月重返 TIOBE 指数前十。当前 R 语言更像是回到其最擅长的应用场景——严肃的统计建模、科研分析以及学术环境。随着 AI 热潮的推进，工程实践与统计分析之间的分工反而更加清晰，R 的讨论度也随之回升。

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