Potential difference (or voltage) is a measure of energy, per unit of charge, transferred between two points in a circuit. A potential difference of 1 volt means that 1 joule of work is done per ...

Abstract: Cryogenic operation of CMOS transistors (i.e., cryo-CMOS) effectively brings an ultrasteep subthreshold slope (SS) and ultralow leakage, enabling high energy efficiency with appropriate ...