Naïve B cells exit quiescence and enter a proliferative state upon activation, ultimately differentiating into antibody-secreting or memory B cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, such as ...

Conjugation is mediated by a large molecular machinery termed Type IV secretion system (T4SS), embedded within the donor cell ...

Scientists have warned that research into “mirror life” organisms — hypothetical life forms made up of molecules that perfectly mirror those found in regular life — should be stopped. Theoretically, ...

Scientists are considering what limits to potentially place on mirror-image cell research. Kateryna Kon / Science Photo Library via Getty Images Scientists have been voicing concerns over the creation ...