Lighting a string of LEDs at a constant brightness requires driving it with a regulated current. A boost converter is commonly used to step up the voltage to a level high enough to bias the LEDs on ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. A most critical device in an optical networking system is the laser diode, since it’s responsible for converting the ...

The circuit of Figure 1 generates sinusoids down to very low frequencies with distortion in the region of 3% or less, yet has no feedback or gain-stabilizing components because none are needed. It ...

In my previous design idea, a design for a simple GPS disciplined oscillator (GPSDO) 10 MHz reference was presented. A note at the end of that article describes the realization that a frequency ...

[Hans Rosenberg] knows a thing or two about RF PCB design and has provided a three-part four-part video demonstration of some solid rules of thumb. We will cover the first part here and leave the ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

The circuit diagram illustrates the creation of a plain microphone setup using two resistors to produce an aggregate amplifier, designed for use in computers. A microphone, originally created by Emile ...

Most opportunities to reduce product cost come early in development, when specifics are not yet nailed down. Unfortunately, there are significant obstacles to making early cost trade-offs. For ...