The stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RESs) necessitates treating power system frequency response as a random process with a nonstationary probability density function (PDF). Based upon ...

As artificial intelligence continues to play a central role in data center operations, the need for efficient and high-performance power solutions becomes increasingly important. AI workloads require ...

A Matlab toolbox for solving the generalized density evolution equation (GDEE) in the probability density evolution method (PDEM) by finite difference method.

What Is A Probability Density Function? A probability density function, also known as a bell curve, is a fundamental statistics concept, that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable ...

The COS method was introduced in Fang & Oosterlee (2008) and then was applied to pricing a variety of stock options for continuous random variables. This paper adapts the Fourier-cosine series (COS) ...

Abstract: An analytical derivation of the EMG signal’s amplitude probability density function (EMG PDF) is presented and used to study how an EMG signal builds-up, or fills, as the degree of muscle ...

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a non-parametric method to estimate the probability density function of a random variable by taking the summation of kernel functions centered on each data point.