For several species, including the black-browed albatross and southern giant petrel, the Falkland Island population represents significant proportions of the respective world populations.

These species were the northern giant petrel, southern giant petrel, white-chinned petrel, light-mantled albatross, black-browed albatross, gray-headed albatross and the wandering albatross.

Signy is occupied only during the austral summer, research focuses on the island's bird populations (one in ten of the world's 50,000 southern giant petrels live around Signy), and land-based ecology.