Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Mammalian genomes encode eleven proteins of the classical histone deacetylase (HDAC) family. They are numbered HDAC1 to HDAC11 and can be classified into four distinct groups (class I, IIa, IIb and IV ...

Protein needs no introduction. You likely already know it as one of the three major macronutrients that make up your diet (the other two being fat and carbohydrates), according to the U.S. Department ...

Peter Gratton, Ph.D., is a New Orleans-based editor and professor with over 20 years of experience in investing, risk management, and public policy. Peter began covering markets at Multex (Reuters) ...