Photo: Niels Bohr's research notes for his new atomic theory Rutherford's find came from a very strange experience. Everyone at that time imagined the atom as a "plum pudding." That is ...

The typical size of atoms and small molecules is around 1 × 10-10 m (0.1 nm). For example: diameter of a hydrogen atom, H 1.0 × 10-10 m width of a hydrogen molecule, H 2 2.9 × 10-10 m ...

In this game of "quantum billiard balls," the photon was like the cue ball ... works that had only taken into account the atomic fine structure—the interaction between an electron's spin and ...

This report both complements and extends Technical Reports Series No. 277/2, Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams - An International Code of Practice, IAEA Technical Reports Series ...