Introduction Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is shown to be feasible in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), highlighting its prospective use as an outcome measure for prognostic ...

Results In a cohort of 493 IPF patients, the survival of patients with a high NLR was significantly lower than in those with a low NLR (median survival 36 months vs 62 months; Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.7, ...

Introduction People with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) experience a high symptom burden, reduced quality of life and a shortened lifespan. Treatment options are limited and little is known about what ...

Introduction Fibroblastic foci represent the cardinal pathogenic lesion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and comprise activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the key effector cells responsible ...

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. It causes chronic lung disease and predisposes individuals to acute lung injury and pulmonary infection. Alveolar macrophages are ...

Introduction. Asthma is the most common chronic non-communicable disease among children,1 and in England, almost one in six children aged 5–14 years will have experienced asthma at some point,2 with ...

Rationale Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective, key standard treatment for people with COPD. Nevertheless, low participant uptake, insufficient attendance and high drop-out rates are reported ...

Background The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) includes two oxygen saturation scales; the second adjusts target saturations to 88%–92% for those with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Using this ...

We present the case of a 45-year-old man who reported 2 years of cough and expectoration and 1 year of dyspnoea. He had a history of dry nasal snuff inhalation 15 times/day for 10 years, worked as a ...

Introduction Oral pirfenidone reduces lung function decline and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Systemic exposure can have significant side effects, including nausea, ...

Objectives To examine the accuracy and impact of artificial intelligence (AI) software assistance in lung cancer screening using CT. Methods A systematic review of CE-marked, AI-based software for ...

Pulmonary rehabilitation has established itself as a vital and core therapy for people with chronic lung disease. Significant improvements are seen in several patient outcomes, for the thousands ...