Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into critical care offers significant potential to enhance early diagnosis, predict patient deterioration, personalise treatment and inform ...

Introduction People with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) experience a high symptom burden, reduced quality of life and a shortened lifespan. Treatment options are limited and little is known about what ...

Background Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) causes debilitating breathlessness and predicting survival is challenging. This study aimed to obtain contemporary data on survival by underlying tumour ...

Clinical assessment. Establish who needs specialist referral or can be initially managed in general practice with a targeted trial of therapy. ‘Red flags’ should prompt urgent referral in line with ...

Background Chest CT displays chest pathology better than chest X-ray (CXR). We evaluated the effects on health outcomes of replacing CXR by ultra-low-dose chest-CT (ULDCT) in the diagnostic work-up of ...

Rationale A previous analysis found significantly higher lung function in the US paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) population compared with the UK with this difference apparently decreasing in ...

Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The extent to which the excess CVD risk is captured by risk factors in ...

Background Conventional measures to evaluate COPD may fail to capture systemic problems, particularly musculoskeletal weakness and cardiovascular disease. Identifying these manifestations and ...

Introduction Fibroblastic foci represent the cardinal pathogenic lesion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and comprise activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the key effector cells responsible ...

Good practice points. In at risk groups, if bronchiectasis is suspected, bronchiectasis needs confirmation. In patients with COPD, investigation for bronchiectasis may be appropriate especially in the ...

Recommendations. Oral macrolide therapy could be considered to reduce exacerbation frequency in adults (50–70 years), with ongoing symptoms despite >80% adherence to high-dose inhaled steroids (>800 ...

Objectives Infliximab, an anti-TNF agent, is used to treat sarcoidosis that does not respond to corticosteroids or second-line agents. The efficacy of other anti-TNF agents, non-TNF biologics and ...