Bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) was recently identified as a second messenger in bacteria that regulates a wide range of phenotypes, including biofilm formation ...

c-di-GMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that is used by most bacteria to switch between a planktonic and a biofilm-related lifestyle. Here, Schirmer and Jenal review the most recent structural ...