What is the immune system? The immune system works to keep germs and other foreign substances out of the body and destroy any that get in. It's made up of a complicated network of cells and organs. It ...

From cultivated meat to plant-based proteins, engineering innovation is transforming how we produce and consume protein in a race to reduce the carbon footprint of the food industry. Climate ...

Animal protein, in particular, provided more benefits than plant proteins. A food craving is different from normal hunger. It’s not just about your body needing energy or nutrients, but your ...

These proteins are made of nothing more than a handful ... so there are many enzymes that can manipulate them. But beyond biology, they also show up in a number of plastic polymers that we use ...

Most of our A Levels are awarded by AQA, the UK's most popular awarding body for high school qualifications. They provide more than half of all A Level qualifications in the UK each year. AQA ...

Let’s take a closer look at what makes up an enzyme. Enzymes are proteins – large molecules that do the behind-the-scenes work that keep all living things alive. These proteins are made up of ...

In this mini review, we discussed the functional roles of PIWI proteins and their associated small RNAs, piRNAs, in regulating gene expression within stem cell biology. Guided by piRNAs, these ...

Protein synthesis is made up of two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription and translation are the processes that turn the instructions found in genes into the proteins they encode.