Aortic dissection has long been considered a rare, unpreventable and inevitably fatal disease. However, recent advances now prove otherwise.

Pathophysiology The most common etiologies of aortic stenosis are rheumatic heart disease, congenital bicuspid valve, and senile calcific aortic valve disease. In industrialized countries ...

Abdominal aortic aneurysms associated with HSK have been managed without division of the isthmic tissue. The left retroperitoneal approach provided adequate exposure for all patients with HSK.

Leptospirosis This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms and pathophysiology of leptospirosis, and summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this disease.