Pupil dilation provides a physiological readout of information gain during the brain's internal process of belief updating in the context of associative learning.

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Probability is a fundamental concept in mathematics and statistics that deals with the likelihood of events occurring. It provides a framework for quantifying uncertainty and making predictions based ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Writes about the future of finance and technology, follow for more. Joint probability teaches us to calculate combined outcomes.

Abstract: In the field of knowledge representation, negation has been introduced so that practical issues can be modelled more effectively. The negation of probability was first formally determined by ...

Functional programming, as the name implies, is about functions. While functions are part of just about every programming paradigm, including JavaScript, a functional programmer has unique ...

The concept of 'basic’ or ‘primary’ emotions dates back at least to the Book of Rites, a first-century Chinese encyclopaedia that picks out seven ‘feelings of men’: joy, anger, sadness, fear, love, ...

Gambling, at its core, is a game of numbers. Understanding the mathematics behind gambling, particularly the concepts of probability and odds, can significantly enhance your gaming experience and ...

Sixty years ago, on May 1, 1964, at 4 am in the morning, a quiet revolution in computing began at Dartmouth College. That’s when mathematicians John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz successfully ran the ...

In this puzzle, you need to make use of probability to reach the final solution. Will you be able to solve it? Maths may not be everyone’s cup of tea, however, if it is yours, we have just the brain ...