In 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) pursued significant criminal, ...

Abstract: The bi-level optimization (BLO) algorithm has been extensively employed for hierarchical decision-making problems, where the upper level (UL) is constrained by the solutions of the lowe ...

Abstract: The Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Uncertain Demand (MD-VRPUD) can be modeled as a bi-level optimization problem (BLOP), because it requires both assigning customers to different ...

BiDoRA is a Python package implementing true BiDoRA (Bi-level Optimization-Based Weight-Decomposed Low-Rank Adaptation) for efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models. Specifically optimized for: ...

The mid-level exception and bi-annual exception are the two key tools that an over-the-cap team typically has at its disposal to sign free agents from other clubs — or to re-sign one of its own free ...

Managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to a significant improvement in quality of life, with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy playing a pivotal role. Understanding the ...

The salary cap for the 2025/26 NBA league year has officially been set, with the league announcing that the cap will be $154,647,000, a 10% increase on last year’s number. Under the league’s current ...

Homebuyers seek creative alternatives that deliver value, space, and functionality in a real estate market dominated by soaring prices and shrinking inventories, notes TrueNest Management. Enter the ...