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鳑鲏（Cyprinidae, Acheilognathinae）是一类温带淡水鱼类，它们繁殖时必须将卵产在淡水贻贝（Bivalvia: Unionidae）的鳃中；而贻贝的幼虫（glochidia）也需要寄生在宿主鱼身上才能发育和扩散。这种特殊的共生关系，究竟是互利共生还是宿主 - 寄生虫关系，一直存在争议。