Interv Cardiol. 2012;4(5):527-536. The venous anatomy of the lower leg is made up of two axial systems, a superficial and a deep venous system. The superficial system lies above the muscle fascia ...

Calf muscles play a crucial role in supporting heart function, often referred to as our "second heart." While the heart continuously pumps blood throughout the body, it relies on the calf muscles ...