401(k) contributions can be made pre-tax or post-tax. Withdrawals from traditional 401(k)s are taxed as ordinary income, possibly less in retirement due to lower income. Direct rollovers of 401(k) ...

HCEs may face 401(k) contribution adjustments based on company-wide non-HCE contributions. Explore IRAs or HSAs if 401(k) limits hinder your retirement savings plans. Regularly check your HCE status ...