The conversational prowess of AI chatbots like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude appears to stem from sophisticated algorithms alone, but this apparent autonomy masks a critical dependency: after these AI ...

Abstract: Bitcoin’s success as a global cryptocurrency has paved the way for the emergence of blockchain, a revolutionary category of distributed systems. However, the growing popularity of blockchain ...

Abstract: Interactions and communication between individuals and individuals, individuals and groups, as well as groups and groups are common in both the natural and applied sciences. In this article, ...