The brain in a jar is a different inquiry than traditional questions about artificial intelligence. The brain in a jar asks whether thinking requires a thinker. The possibility of artificial ...

Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976) was a British philosopher of mind and language best known for his book The Concept of Mind. He developed a novel argument against Cartesian dualism, which he called “the ...

The article refers to Gilbert Ryle’s “ghost in the machine” criticism of Descartes’ substance dualism. What did Ryle mean by this? Can you explain his assertion that Cartesian dualism commits a ...

A darshana is an outlook, a philosophy, literally, a “vision.” The term darshana is especially associated with the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, the so-called shaddarshana, or “six ...