Abstract: An augmented reality (AR)-assisted surgical navigation system was developed for epidural needle intervention. The system includes three components: a virtual reality-based surgical planning ...

Objectives (1) Assess the distribution of skin-to-deltoid-muscle distance (SDMD) at the deltoid intramuscular (IM) injection site; (2) its relationship with demographic and anthropometric variables ...

Abstract: Intravitreal injection is an essential operation of treating ophthalmic diseases, in which an injection needle pierces the sclera and then injects therapeutic agent into the vitreous cavity.