These processes are genetically controlled and depend both on the history of cells (lineage) and on the activities of signalling pathways, which coordinate the cell interactions leading to ...

This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss ...

the mechanisms of action and patterns of interaction of these factors remain controversial. This article summarizes some of the known aspects of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis.

This important study investigates the signaling pathways regulating retinal regeneration. Convincing evidence shows that the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is inhibited following ...

One of the best studied signalling routes is the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction pathway which plays a crucial role in many aspects of immune mediated inflammatory responses ...

When looking at hormones, consider relative ratios. The GnRH signal is sent to the pituitary to produce both FSH and LH. LH then targets theca cells in the ovary, leading to androgen production, and ...

Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2010;5(2):229-251.

Over time, levels of the hormones testosterone and estrogen can become imbalanced in males, potentially causing health problems. Medications called estrogen blockers are among the treatment options ...

Research indicates that GH signaling pathways might impact mitochondrial function, oxidative stress responses, and telomere dynamics. By employing the Ipamorelin and GHRP-2 blend in controlled ...

The individual contribution of each visual pathway when stimulating parts of the visual field remains unclear and is further obfuscated by the large spatial integration of EEG systems. We propose ...