下图展示了一个有趣的现象：在法国斗牛犬的图像上添加一小块对抗性补丁后，VGG分类器竟然以极高的置信度将其判定为足球。Grad-CAM可视化清楚地显示，模型的注意力完全从狗身上转移到了那块补丁——一个精心构造的小扰动就足以劫持整个决策过程。

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more than 20 years of experience in various areas ...

Doretha Clemons, Ph.D., MBA, PMP, has been a corporate IT executive and professor for 34 years. She is an adjunct professor at Connecticut State Colleges & Universities, Maryville University, and ...

Stewart Title acquired Townsend Title Insurance Agency, expanding in southwest Florida with offices in Cape Coral, Fort Myers, and Lehigh Acres. Townsend retains staff and locations, gaining Stewart’s ...